鹿属鹿科，分为鹿亚种和麝亚种。鹿是世界主要的药用经济动物，鹿的人工养殖主要目的是获取鹿茸，鹿茸具有特殊疗效，副产品种类多，用途广，是我国内销及外贸出口的重要物资。我国现已经驯养的茸用鹿主要为梅花鹿和马鹿两种。梅花鹿主要分布于我国东北、华北、华东、华南和西南地区，梅花鹿是药用价值很高，驯养较早的茸用鹿，梅花鹿食性广，耐粗饲，适应性强，性情温顺，喜群居。
Deer deer genus, divided into subspecies and musk deer subspecies. Deer is the world's leading pharmaceutical economic animals, farmed main purpose is to obtain deer velvet antler has a special effect, a by-product variety, wide use, are important materials of domestic and foreign trade exports. China is now already domesticated deer antler with deer and red deer are mainly two kinds. Deer mainly distributed in northeast, north, east, south and southwest regions, the deer is high medicinal value, the earlier domesticated deer antler with a wide deer feeding habits, resistance to crude feed, adaptable, docile, gregarious.
一、鹿的饲养管理
A deer feeding and management
鹿属反刍动物，以采食粗饲料为主。在养鹿过程中，对养鹿应有统一的规定和标准，按照鹿的性别、年龄、健康状况进行布局。在饲养时，应严格遵守饲喂时间、次数、地点和顺序，不能擅自改变。养鹿生产具有明显的季节性，营养需要和消化机能具有明显季节性，在加料时，应逐渐进行，不能突然改变饲料量。
Muntiacus ruminants, mainly to feed roughage. Deer in the process, the deer should be uniform regulations and standards, according to sex, age, state of health deer layout. When feeding, feeding time should strictly observe the number, location and sequence, can not arbitrarily change. Deer production has obvious seasonal, nutritional requirements and digestive function has obvious seasonal, in the feed should be gradual, not sudden changes in the amount of feed.
二、鹿的配种与繁殖
Second, the deer breeding and reproduction
从9月上旬到11月下旬为梅花鹿的配种期，马鹿约是10~15天。在发情季节里，母鹿呈周期性的多次发情，平均为12.5天，范围在5.5~20天之间。到5月上旬开始分娩，陆续产羔。
From late September to early November for the breeding of deer, red deer is about 10 to 15 days. In estrus season, estrus doe cyclical times, an average of 12.5 days, ranging between 5.5 to 20 days. To begin delivery in early May, after another lambing.
三、鹿茸及副产品加工
Third, velvet and by-product processing
梅花鹿和马鹿的再生茸和初生茸的收取一般以7月上旬前，锯过茸的4岁以上的公鹿，到8月20日左右，收取鹿茸可用保定器保定取茸，也可使用药物麻醉取茸。取下后的鹿茸要进行脱水干燥，防腐消毒，保形保色的加工，以便于长期保存。鹿的副产品包括鹿筋、鹿鞭、鹿尾、鹿肉和鹿血、鹿骨、茸血、鹿胎、心、肝、肾等。对其副产品的加工主要是进行防腐和脱水等处理，以便于长期保存。
Deer and red deer antler regeneration charged Velvet and newborn generally in early July before sawed Velvet Bucks over 4 years old, around August 20, is charged Baoding Baoding taking velvet antler available, can also be used drugs anesthesia take Velvet. After removing the velvet to be dried, antiseptic and disinfectant, conformal color retention process, in order to facilitate long-term preservation. Deer-products include Lu Jin, deer, Luk Mei, venison and deer blood, deer bone, dried blood, Deer, heart, liver and kidney. Its by-products processing is mainly anti-corrosion and dehydration process, in order to facilitate long-term preservation.
四、鹿的经济价值
Fourth, the economic value of deer
鹿茸作为我国的传统医药，可治疗多种疾病，市售鹿茸制剂可起到调解新陈代谢，调节机体各种活动的作用。鹿的各种副产品作用也非常广泛。鹿胎可用于调经活血，鹿盘可用于抗风湿、鹿血主要用于治疗低血压，鹿心、肾、尾在中医药也被广泛的收入药用，鹿肉是营养丰富的高级食品。
Antler As China's traditional medicine, to treat a variety of diseases, velvet commercial formulations may play a mediation metabolism, regulation of the body's various activities. The role of the various by-products of deer is also very extensive. Deer can be used for menstruation blood, the disc can be used for anti-rheumatic deer, deer blood for the treatment of hypotension, deer heart, kidneys, tail in medicine has been widely revenue medicinal, venison is a nutritious senior food.
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