梅花鹿的生态习性常识
Ecological habits of deer knowledge
A、梅花鹿形态特征：
A, deer morphological characteristics:
梅花鹿为中型鹿。体长1.3-1.5米，肩高0.85-1.0米，尾长约0.2米，体重80-130公斤。体为棕红色，有白色斑点，酷似 梅花而得名，头略圆，颜面部较长，鼻端裸露，眼大而圆，眶下腺呈裂状，泪窝明显，耳大直立。颈细长，躯干适中。四肢细长，主蹄狭尖，侧啼小。尾短。臀部有明显的白色块斑。体毛棕色，夏毛较鲜艳，白色梅花斑明显，冬毛略比夏毛深，有绒毛，但无白色斑点，有的仅隐约看到。
For medium-sized sika deer. 1.3-1.5 meters in length, 0.85 to 1.0 meters tall at the shoulder, tail length of about 0.2 meters and weighing 80-130 kg. Body is reddish brown with white spots, like plum named head slightly rounded, long facial, bare nose, large round eyes, infraorbital gland was crack-like, tear fossa obvious, large ears erect. Slender neck, torso moderate. Limbs slender, the main hoofs narrow tip, side small cry. Short tail. Buttocks obvious white block spot. Brown hair, summer hair more vibrant, white plum spot obvious, slightly lower than the winter hair summer hair dark, plush, but no white spots, some only vaguely see.
仅雄性具角，共有四叉，眉叉向前斜伸，与主干呈一钝角，第二枝位较高，因此常被误认为它没有第二枝，主干在末端分成两小枝。幼兽体色较鲜艳，体背及体侧有密集的白色斑点。
Only male angular, a total of four forks, fork eyebrow obliquely forward, and the trunk was an obtuse angle, the second branch bit higher, it is often mistaken for it without a second branch, at the end of the trunk into two sprigs. Cub body color more vivid, and the dorsal side with dense white spots.
B、梅花鹿的种类：
B, deer species:
梅花鹿有10个亚种。有我国华南亚种、东北亚种、山西亚种、四川亚种。
There are 10 subspecies of deer. There are species of south China, northeast subspecies, species of the mountain West, Sichuan Subspecies.
C、梅花鹿的生活习性：
C, deer habits:
1、梅花鹿是喜欢集群的动物，每群由2头数十头不等。但随季节不同，群的结构发生变化，在繁殖季节，鹿群的组合是由1头结壮成年雄鹿，1-10多头成年雌鹿、一些亚成体和幼鹿组成，被称为“繁殖群”；5-7月间，是梅花鹿产仔季节，临产雄鹿离群到辟静隐蔽处产仔。随后自带幼鹿生活或与其他母子群组合起来，有时多达数十头。被称为“母子群”。非繁殖季节有数头完全是成年雄鹿或成年雌鹿组成的小群，称为“雄鹿群”和“雌鹿群”。
1, the deer is like a cluster of animals, ranging from two dozens of heads per group. However, with the different seasons, the structure of the group changed during the breeding season, a combination of herd by a knot strong adult bucks 1-10 long adult female deer, a number of sub-adult and fawn composition, called "breeding group "; 5 - July, the deer calving season, to the provision of labor Bucks quiet shelter stray litter. Then comes the mother deer living or with other groups combined, sometimes as many as dozens of heads. It is known as the "mother group." Several non-breeding season the head is completely adult bucks or small group composed of adult female deer, called "stag group" and "female deer."
2、梅花鹿主要在晨昏活动，多在离水源不远和食物较多的地方徘徊，活动范围大约5-15km。
2, mainly in the morning and dusk deer, not far away from the water more and more food lingered, the scope of activities of about 5-15km.
D、梅花鹿的食性：
D, deer feeding habits:
梅花鹿为纯植食性动物，采食各种草本植物、乔 木和灌木的叶、芽、嫩枝。
Deer pure herbivores, eating a variety of herbs, trees and shrubs Joe leaves, buds, twigs.
E、梅花鹿的繁殖特点：
E, deer breeding characteristics:
梅花鹿为季节性发情动物。每年秋季发情，10-11月为交配盛期。这时，它们显得烦燥不安、食欲减退，尤其雄鹿，性凶好斗，如果鹿群中存在两头以上成年雄鹿，必会发生激烈的争斗，其结果不是两败俱伤，就是强者把弱者赶出群外。直至交配期过后，才慢慢恢复正常。怀孕期为7.5-8个月，每胎1仔，极少有2仔。幼鹿在3月龄以内增重最快，以后逐渐减少。
Deer seasonal estrus animals. Each fall rut, from October to November is the mating peak. In this case, they appear restlessness, loss of appetite, especially bucks, sexual fierce combative, if present in two or more adult deer stag, fierce battle will occur, the result is not a lose-lose, is strong to the weak rush outside the group. Until after the mating season, slowly returned to normal. 7.5-8 months of pregnancy, each fetus 1 Aberdeen, Aberdeen 2 very few. In less than 3 months old fawn weight the fastest, and then gradually decreased.
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