随着人民生活水平的提高，人民也越来越重视健康和养生。随之而来的， 养殖鹿的人也越来越多，养鹿数量也越来越多，鹿与外界环境接触更加广泛，鹿病种类也不断增加，有的鹿场死亡率高达10%以上（含应淘汰而没淘汰的鹿），鹿病成为养鹿生产的重要风险之一。那么我们养殖人员该怎么预防？
With the improvement of people's living standards, more and more people pay attention to health and health. Attendant, deer breeding more and more people, more and more the number of deer, deer and more extensive contact with the external environment, disease of deer species are increasing, and some deer mortality rate up to 10% (including deer should be eliminated but not eliminated), deer become an important disease risk deer production. Then we breed the staff how to prevent it?
1.预防为主，防重于治
1. prevention, anti emphasis on governance
预防为主，防重于治是医疗战线和兽医战线的基本方针，鹿由于诊断困难，保定困难，更应贯彻执行预防为主的方针。
Prevention, anti emphasis on governance is a fundamental principle of medical and veterinary front front, diagnosis is difficult because the deer, Baoding difficult, should implement the principle of prevention.
第一，应给鹿创造一个舒适的环境条件。因为鹿一生都是在鹿舍中渡过的，建筑鹿舍时北方考虑防寒，南方考虑避暑，要有一定面积，地面平整、清洁、排水良好。通风良好，要避免贼风，阳光充足要避免太阳幅射，减少有害气体及灰尘的影响。现在农民建的鹿舍普遍是“墙高圈小，不通风，又老少同堂”，不利于鹿的生活与生产。
First, the deer should be given to create a comfortable environment conditions. Because life is spent in deer in the deer house, when building homes in northern deer considered cold, the South consider summer, to have a certain area, the ground smooth, clean, well-drained. Ventilated, to avoid drafts, sunny to avoid solar radiation, reduce the influence of harmful gases and dust. Deer farmers are now built homes are generally "small circle of high walls, no ventilation, and young and old generations," not conducive to the life and production of the deer.
第二，要保证鹿的营养需要。家养鹿已经不能自由选择采食，所食之物皆靠人供给，人就应该设法保证鹿生活中所需的各种营养物质，既要有量的保证又有质的要求。如仔鹿的佝偻病是缺钙或钙磷不平衡引起的，白肌病是缺硒和维生素E引起的。所以在日常饲养管理中尽量作到饲料多样化适口性好，使其多采食，以保持营养平衡与互补，而且数量要足，保证吃饱，如鹿的咬毛症，虽然原因不明，但一般饲料充足的鹿发生咬毛的相对的少。
Second, to ensure that the nutritional needs of deer. Deer family has been unable to feed free choice, they eat things are supplied by people, people should seek to ensure that the required deer living in a variety of nutrients, but also to ensure that both have the amount of quality requirements. As Zilu Rickets is calcium deficiency or imbalance of calcium and phosphorus caused by white muscle disease is caused by lack of selenium and vitamin E. Therefore, in daily feeding and management as much as possible done to diversify feed palatability, and make it more feed to maintain nutritional balance and complement each other, and the number should be sufficient to ensure the full, such as deer bite hirsutism, although the reason is unknown, but Usually feed plenty of deer hair bite occurs relatively less.
第三，是科学的饲喂。就是要按鹿的生物学要求喂给饲料，除量足质好之外，还要做到三定，即定时、定量、定质，重要的是不能突然更换或增减饲料，这涉及到鹿有个适应过程，主要是瘤胃微生物更需要适应过程，饲料突变，突然增加鹿喜食饲料是引起胃肠病的重要原因。
Third, scientific feeding. According to the requirements of deer biology is fed feed, in addition to the full amount of good quality, we should also do Sanding, that is timing, quantitative, qualitative, it is important not to replace or sudden changes in feed, which involves deer there is a process of adaptation, mainly rumen microbes need to adapt to the process, feed mutation, a sudden increase in deer eating feed is a major cause of gastrointestinal disease.
第四，加强鹿的驯化。通过驯化可以使鹿变得温顺，虽然达不到（除非人工哺乳驯化）像牛羊那样任人抚摸，但人可以靠近，1m之内鹿不会惊慌，给观察提供了方便，也给吹针注射、镦针注射提供了方便。不然，10m之外鹿就骚动、乱跑、乱撞，无法确定神态、行动等是否正常。驯化可以提高鹿对环境适应力，提高鹿抗应激能力，会减少由应激引起的疾病，所以养鹿场应当将鹿的驯化作为一项经常性工作来抓。鹿的驯化方法极为简单，可以用“常接触”三个字来概括。只要人经常接触鹿，鹿就会变得老实。人越不接触鹿，鹿就越怕人，人怕伤鹿就越不敢接触鹿。形成恶性循环。
Fourth, strengthen domesticated deer. By domesticated deer can become docile, although not reach (unless artificial feeding domesticated) like cattle as fancy touch, but one can close to within 1m of the deer do not panic, observed to provide a convenient, but also to blow needle injection, upsetting injections more convenient. Otherwise, 10m outside of deer on the commotion, run around, rattling can not be determined demeanor, actions, etc are normal. Domesticated deer to the environment can be improved resilience, improve deer anti-stress, will reduce the stress caused by the disease, so the deer farms should be domesticated deer as a regular task. Domesticated deer method is very simple, you can use the "regular contact" words to summarize. As long as people often contact with deer, deer will become honest. The more people do not contact the deer, the deer, the more afraid, afraid of hurting people more afraid to contact with deer deer. Creating a vicious cycle
2做好卫生防疫工作
2 good health and epidemic prevention work
鹿场的兽医主要任务不是治病而是防病。有的鹿场领导说：“防病花多少钱都可以，让鹿不生病，生病的鹿我杀掉，我们的鹿很整齐。”他的话有些偏激，但他重视预防是对的，与有些鹿场预防不肯花一分钱，得了病舍得买药，治疗效果不理想相比，前者大有可取之处。
The main task of veterinary deer but not cure disease prevention. Some deer farm leader said: "How much money can prevent disease, so the deer do not get sick, I'm sick of deer kill our deer is very neat." His words somewhat extreme, but he is the emphasis on prevention, and some Luchang prevention refused to spend a penny, ill willing to buy medicine, the treatment effect is not ideal, the former great merit.
第一，要搞好环境卫生，做到舍内干净，场内清洁，环境卫生不仅能防病也是企业形象标志，一个脏、乱、差的企业，经济效益不会很高。
First, to improve sanitation, do discounted clean, clean the floor, sanitation and disease prevention is not only the corporate image logo, a dirty, chaotic, and poor business, economic efficiency is not high.
第二，要做好消毒防疫工作，加强职工的防疫意识，自觉的不去疫区，不接触疫畜，职工及客人进场要经过消毒。有些鹿场门口消毒槽内没有消毒液，形同虚设。全场实行定期与不定期消毒。拌料槽、饲具要经常在阳光下暴晒，紫外线有杀菌作用。
Second, we must do the work of disinfection and epidemic prevention, strengthen epidemic prevention staff awareness, conscious not to infected areas, no contact with contaminated animals, staff and guests entering to go through disinfection. Some deer farm gate disinfection tank no disinfectant, useless. Overall implementation of regular and irregular disinfection. Spices trough, feeding with often in the sun exposure, ultraviolet sterilization.
第三，还要做好疫苗注射。鹿病能用疫苗免疫的主要有结核病、肠毒血症、钩端螺旋体病、巴氏杆菌病、坏死杆菌病、狂犬病等，用的最多的是肠毒症疫苗、卡介苗免疫。
Third, but also make the vaccine. Deer disease vaccine can be used mainly tuberculosis, intestinal toxemia, leptospirosis, pasteurellosis, necrotic tuberculosis disease, rabies, with most of the intestinal toxicosis vaccine, BCG immunization.
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