梅花鹿是一种中型鹿，体长140~170厘米，肩高85~100厘米，成年体重100~150千克，雌鹿较小;鹿有角，一般四叉。背中央有暗褐色背线。尾短，背面黑色，腹面白色。夏毛棕黄色，遍布鲜明的白色梅花斑点，故称"梅花鹿"。臀斑白色。生活于森林边缘或山地草原地区。季节不同，栖息地也有所改变。雄鹿平时独居，发情交配时归群。晨昏活动，以青草树叶为食，好舔食盐碱。每胎1仔，幼仔身上有白色斑点。主要分布在中国，日本和俄罗斯。鹿作为一种经济动物，不仅有食用价值，更有其药用价值，它的真正规模养殖才刚刚开始，其总体前景还是非常乐观的。
Sika deer is a medium-sized deer, body length 140 ~ 170 cm, shoulder height 85 ~ 100 cm, adult weight 100 ~ 150 kg, smaller deer; deer angle, the general four fork. Dorsal center with dark brown dorsal line. Tail short, back black, ventral white. Summer hair brown, bright spots throughout the white plum, it is called "deer." Hip spot white. Living in the forest edge or mountain grassland areas. In different seasons, the habitat has also changed. Bucks usually live alone, oestrus mating when the group. Twilight activity, with grass leaves for food, good lick salt. Aberdeen per child, pups have white spots. Mainly in China, Japan and Russia. Deer as an economic animal, not only edible, more of its medicinal value, its real scale farming has just begun, the overall outlook is still very optimistic.
(一)我国具有得天独厚的养殖条件
(A) China has a unique breeding conditions
一：我国具有丰富的饲料资料。饲料是养鹿的基础，我国有几十亿亩草山草坡，山野牧草资源丰富；此外每年产生大量的作物秸秆、秧蔓等农村产品也可用来喂鹿。鹿本身是草食反刍家畜，本身食性广泛，可吃牛、马吃的草食，也喜食牛、马不吃的树枝树叶，另外尚可食猪、鸡不能饲喂的非蛋白氮类、杂粕类饲料，所以它既不与牛马争草，也不与猪鸡争粮，这是养鹿的一大优势。
A: China has a wealth of feed information. Feed is the basis of deer, there are billions of acres of grass in China grass slope, mountain forage is rich in resources; in addition to produce a lot of crop straw every year, seedling and other rural products can also be used to feed deer. Deer itself is a herbivorous ruminant livestock, itself a wide range of food, eat cattle, horses eat grass, but also eat cattle, horses do not eat branches leaves, the other can still eat pig, chicken can not feed non-protein nitrogen, Class feed, so it does not compete with cattle and horses, not with the pig chicken food competition, which is a great advantage of deer.
二：我国鹿种资源丰富，共有16种，它们经过人们的长期驯化已变得温顺，适应性强，生产力、遗传力稳定，是发展养鹿业有力的种质基础。
Two: China's deer species rich in resources, a total of 16 species, which after long-term domestication has become docile, adaptability, productivity, heritability and stability, is the development of deer industry an effective germplasm basis.
三：是我国有8亿多农民，其中有相当一部分居住在边远山区，交通闭塞，经济不发达，但却具备养鹿的自然条件和人力资源，养鹿不论是茸用鹿、肉用鹿还是兼用鹿，都是他们脱贫致富的一条可行之路，所以发展边区养鹿是我国养鹿的一个重要方向。
Three: China has more than 800 million farmers, of which a considerable part of the living in remote mountainous areas, traffic congestion, economic underdevelopment, but with the deer of the natural conditions and human resources, deer, whether deer, deer, Both with deer, they are a viable way out of poverty, so the development of border deer is an important deer in our direction.
(二)鹿产品国际市场广大
(B) deer products, the majority of the international market
鹿几乎浑身都是宝，各种鹿产品在国际市场一直畅销，且价格居高不下，鹿茸每公斤达6000元以上，东南亚、香港、韩国人一向有食鹿茸的习惯。韩国人口只有4200万，年耗茸达1800吨，人均达42g。我国每年的鹿茸主要出口于该地区；鹿皮制成的革制品，如鞋、帽、包等一直为欧美人所喜爱。此外，鹿鞭、鹿血、鹿胎等都是上等滋补品，更为欧美等发达国家所抢购。所以国际市场潜力巨大，远未饱和。
Deer almost all the treasure, a variety of deer products in the international market has been selling, and the price high, more than 6,000 yuan per kilogram of velvet, Southeast Asia, Hong Kong, South Korea has always been eating velvet habits. South Korea's population is only 42 million, annual consumption of up to 1,800 tons, per capita up to 42g. China's annual velvet exports mainly in the region; deerskin leather products, such as shoes, hats, bags, etc. has been loved by Europe and the United States. In addition, deer whip, deer blood, deer, etc. are superior tonic, more developed countries such as Europe and the United States snapped up. So the international market has great potential, far from saturated.
(三)国内需求潜力巨大
(3) Domestic demand has great potential
随着人民生活水平的提高，人们生活越来越注重质量，保健意识不断增强，对保健品的需求潜力巨大，鹿产品作为真正意义上的保健品已逐渐为人们所认识、接受，并开始进入普通人的生活，想一想，在中国这样一个大国，每人每天如果消耗一点点，加起来就将是一个巨大的数字。
With the improvement of people's living standards, people's lives more and more emphasis on quality, increasing health awareness, demand for health products has great potential, deer products as a real sense of the health care products have been gradually recognized, accepted, and began to enter Ordinary people's lives, think about it, in China, such a big country, every day if consumed a little bit, add up to be a huge number.
所以说养鹿业前景是广阔的。但作为一种产业，它尚未形成气候，今后特别应注意从以下几方面发展：
Therefore, the prospect of deer industry is broad. But as an industry, it has not yet formed a climate, the future should pay special attention from the following aspects:
1.养鹿场科学化、规模化管理，这样才能获得经济效益。
1. Deer farm scientific, large-scale management, so as to obtain economic benefits.
2.鹿的选育应从单纯的茸用型选育向肉用型，特别是通过杂交向茸肉兼用型选育，提高各种产品产量。
2. Deer breeding should be from the simple use of breeding to the use of meat-type, especially through the hybrid to the velvet meat type breeding, improve a variety of product yield.
3.鹿产品加工应从粗放简单加工向精深方向发展，提炼浓缩精华，使消费者更容易食用，效果更加显著。
3. Deer products processing should be simple to the deep processing of deep development, refining concentrated essence, so that consumers are more likely to eat, the effect is more significant.
山东梅花鹿养殖基地：济南百鹿园梅花鹿养殖有限公司
网址： www.jnbailuyuan.com
